Crossbreeding.
Does
it work?
Sure does! Breeders have produced
some perfectly beautiful belted animals using outcross dams.
Back in the 1960s and 1970s
it was very difficult to find purebred females for sale, and they were
extremely costly to import. To help the breed proliferate on this continent,
an Appendix to the Society’s Herd Book was established which records the
female progeny of purebred Belted Galloway bulls mated to base cows of
other breeds in a progression of 1/2, 3/4 and 7/8. At 15/16 the properly
marked female calf is permitted to enter the Herd Book.
This is in keeping with the
American Livestock Breeders Conservancy’s assessment that an animal containing
93.5% breed genetics may be considered “pure.” Crossbred males are not
recorded, but are considered “meat.”
The Belted Galloway Society
requires that the base cow used in an upbreeding program must be a polled,
solid-colored or belted beef-type animal.
The most frequently asked question
on crossbreeding is, Will the calves be belted? The answer is, At least
85% will carry the belt, a dominant trait. If it can be established that
the bull used is homozygous for belting (rather than heterozygous), then
100% of his calves will be belted.
What is the value of an Appendix
recorded heifer? Prices vary widely depending on conformation, condition,
age and even region, but in general a crossbred heifer is valued at about
2/3 the price of a comparable purebred heifer.
People upbreeding to achieve
Herd Book animals are required to have a little patience. It takes eleven
years from base cow to Herd Book heifer, and then only if each heifer in
the progression has a heifer calf on her first try.
For those who simply want to
enjoy decorative cattle in their pastures, the Appendix animals can fill
the bill nicely. It takes a good eye to determine whether or not an animal
is purebred! In the photo above, the heifer is 3/4 Belted Galloway. Her
dam to the immediate left is Belted Galloway x Angus cross, and carries
a somewhat smoother hair coat.
Breeders with both purebred
and upbred cattle in their fields usually note that hybrid vigor is likely
to promote greater early growth in the cross calves, which often surpass
the purebreds during the first year or two (though it’s also noted that
the purebred catches up by about age three and may well mature larger than
the crossbred). Early growth can be an advantage if we are producing animals
for beef, and many breeding for the meat market prefer crosses.
Meat producers infuse Belted
Galloway genetics to obtain a high-quality product, fine-grained and tender
beef. But there is a downside -- feedlot buyers, having learned that Belties
are slower to mature than their average penned steers, often dock prices
on belted animals shipped to market. The upside is that breeders direct-marketing
Beltie beef routinely obtain premium prices for their product.
When purebred females were
in short supply the Appendix Beltie heifers filled a need. But there are
other reasons to consider crossbreeding. Ranchers and dairy farmers who
appreciate our breed’s low birth weights often use Belted Galloway bulls
on their commercial or dairy cows to insure easy birthing, particularly
in first-calf heifers. |